Ganoderma Lucidum/Reishi benefits us in the following ways:
Reduces or normalises Blood Pressure;
Offers Cardiovascular Benefits
Ganoderma
Lucidum has been shown in some studies to inhibit platelet
aggregation and reduce blood pressure.
In studies of people with
hypertension, researchers found blood pressure was significantly
reduced over two-weeks' time with reishi supplementation.
Platelet aggregation
Tao et. al. (1990) found that in vitro, the reaction speed of platelet aggregation was significantly slowed down after application of Ganoderma extract in relation to its dosage. They continued their studies with 15 healthy volunteers and 33 patients with atherosclerotic diseases administering each person 3 grams a day for 2 weeks. This showed that Ganoderma reduced weight and length of the thrombi and reduced the aggregation events - statistically significantly. They concluded that their results suggested that the Chinese herbal medicine GL may be an effective inhibitory agent of platelet aggregation.
Gau et.al. (1990) investigated the possible problems arising from the aggregation blocking properties in HIV-positive hemophiliacs. They found that Ganoderma, despite a high content of adenosine, which plays an important key role in antiplatelet effects, did not execute any increased risk. Platelet aggregation tests before and after administering of the extract showed no significant changes.
Su et.al. (2000) were able to show that besides high adenosine levels, Ganodermic acid S also contributes to the antiplatelet effects by influencing the biochemical pathways of platelet reaction. A normalization of platelet aggregation and thrombotic activities towards a physiological level contributes to a lower blood viscosity, which relieves the cardiovascular system of additional work load and improves therefore, indirectly the efficiency and O2 balance of the coronary system.
Effects on serum cholesterol levels
Berger et.al. (2003) from the Nestle Research Center, Lausanne , Switzerland, found that Ganoderma has the ability to lower not only total serum cholesterol, but also LDL, which is besides VLDL, the critical factor of cholesterol content. They conclude: “Innovative new cholesterol lowering foods and medicines containing Ganoderma lucidum are envisioned.”
A more recent publication from Hajjaj et.al. also from the Nestle Research Center in Switzerland, showed that triterpenoids are responsible for inhibiting lanosterol to be transformed into cholesterol. These findings are important in so far since 60 – 70% of body cholesterol is synthesized and only 30 – 40% is added through our food intake. Controlled cholesterol intake and cholesterol synthesis inhibition seem to be the most promising and complementary measures for a regulated and normal serum level.
Powerful Anti-oxidant
Sun et.al. (2004) reported that a Ganoderma lucidum peptide (GLP) is the major antioxidant component of Ganoderma Lucidum and could play so an important role in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in biological systems through its antioxidant, metal chelating, and free radical scavenging activities.
Wachtel-Galor et.al. (2004) conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over intervention study which investigated the effects of 4 weeks Lingzhi supplementation on a range of biomarkers for antioxidant status, Coronary Heart Disease risk, DNA damage, immune status, and inflammation, as well as markers of liver and renal toxicity with 18 healthy adults. No side effects have been reported, while the antioxidant capacity in urine and plasma increased significantly.
Other reports (Futrakul et.al., 2003) indicate the anti-oxidant properties contribute to a better treatment of nephrosis. Ganoderma seems to protect the cell membrane against lipid oxidation and ultimately against cell death.
Shieh et.al. (2001) observed a liver and kidney protective mechanism due to Ganoderma’s prominent superoxide scavenging effect.
Lee et.al. (2001) assumed a chemopreventive potential of Ganoderma, through a specific aminopolysaccharide fraction with a strong anti-oxidative performance found in this mushroom.
Immune-modulating
Benefits &
Cancer treatment
Ganoderma
Lucidum is commonly prescribed by practitioners for long-term immune
system support.
In studies involving patients with advanced tumors,
the patients were given Ganoderma Lucidum for thirty days.
Researchers found a marked immune-modulating effect as demonstrated
by an increase in T lymphocytes and decreased CD8 counts.
Patients
also reported reduced side effects due to chemotherapy or radiation
as well as post-operation recovery.
Prostate enlargement
Fujita et.al. (2005) found a strong intervention of Ganoderma extracts on the metabolism of
testosterone into dihydrotestosterone through 5alpha-reductase inhibition. The biological activity of dihydrotestosterone is 2 times higher than that of testosterone and its receptor-binding capability is 5 times the capacity of testosterone. The authors concluded that Ganoderma lucidum might be a useful ingredient for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Lung and Prostate cancer
Sliva D. et.al.(2003) described in a series of publications the possible use of Ganoderma in lung and prostate cancer, where it has clearly shown to inhibit the outspread and migration of tumor cells, which limits or even prevents metastasis of malignant cancer cells.
Jiang et.al. (2004) found out that Ganoderma prevents the growth of prostate cancer cells and induces cell death of malignant cells through a complex system of biochemical and molecular interactions. They concluded that Ganoderma seems to have potential therapeutic use for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Liu et.al. (2006) isolated two triterpenoids, ganoderic acids, which showed remarkable 5alphareductase inhibitory activities.
Balances
Blood Sugar
Studies
have shown Ganoderma Lucidum to have a blood sugar lowering effect.
Much of this activity appears to be due to polysaccharides known as
Ganoderans A, B, and C.
There appears to be three main mechanisms behind this hypoglycemic
effect. This includes Ganoderma Lucidum's ability to elevate plasma
insulin levels, to enhance peripheral tissue utilization of glucose,
and to enhance liver metabolism of glucose.
Regain Pancreatic function
The Medical Research Institute of Kinki University found in yearly experiments that Ganoderma has the same function as insulin. Accordingly, after taking Ganoderma, not only can insulin deficiency be supplemented, but it can make the pancreas regain its original function. In addition, it does not have any side effects like injections do.
Lowers blood sugar
Zhang et.al. (2003) treated mice and found a subsequent decrease of insulin producing cells, while Ganoderma treated mice showed no decrease. Since free radicals are considered to play the damaging role, the Ganoderma effect is that of scavenging these free radicals and eliminating them before they are able to destroy the insulin producing units (Langerhans’ islets).
In 2004, the same group found that Ganoderma polysaccharides increased the Ca2+ influx into the pancreatic beta cells and induced, hence a higher insulin release of these beta cells, which explains the blood sugar lowering effects of Ganoderma.
Renal/kidney disease
In experiments with patients suffering from renal disease, Prof. Fumio Tsurudani of the Nagoya University Medical Institute, Japan, found that Ganoderma could not only lower proteinuria and cholesterolemia, but also could maintain proper renal function.
Provides
Anti-inflammatory Effects
Studies
have shown that hot-water extracts of Ganoderma Lucidum have
anti-inflammatory effects.
One study found that 50 milligrams of Reishi powder had comparable effects to 5 milligrams of
hydrocortisone.
Protects
the Liver
Ganoderma
Lucidum has been used for its hepatoprotective (liver protective)
action.
A study of patients with hepatitis B and elevated liver
enzymes (SGOT/SGPT) and bilirubin were given Reishi for three months.
Significant reduction in SGOT and SGPT were noticed within one month.
After three months, all values were within normal range.
Oxygenation
One
of the unique uses of Ganoderma Lucidum is for altitude sickness.
Reishi appears to reduce altitude sickness by oxygenating the blood.
Insomnia/headache /Irritability
Tang et.al. (2005) reported a controlled study of 132 neurasthenia patients over a period of 8 weeks. The group with Ganoderma showed a significantly improved Global Clinical Impression, compared with the placebo group.
The application of Ganoderma seemed to be responsible for decreasing signs of insomnia, headaches, and irritability.
(Also read the Pharmacological and clinical research on Ganoderma lucidum
(Lingzhi) in China- see http://www.worldpharma2010.org/pp/FC16.2.1.pdf)
References:
el-Mekkawy S,
Meselhy MR, Nakamura N, et al. Anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-1-protease substances
from Ganoderma lucidum. Phytochem 1998;49:1651-7.
Gao Y, Zhou S, Jiang W, et al. Effects of ganopoly (a Ganoderma lucidum
polysaccharide extract) on the immune functions in advanced-stage cancer
patients. Immunol Invest 2003;32:201-15.
Gau JP, Lin CK, Lee SS, et al. The lack of antiplatelet effect of crude
extracts from ganoderma lucidum on HIV-positive hemophiliacs. Am J Chin Med
1990;18:175-9.
Hijikata Y, Yamada S. Effect of Ganoderma lucidum on postherpetic neuralgia. Am
J Chin Med 1998;26:375-81.
Hikino H, Ishiyama M, Suzuki Y, et al. Mechanisms of hypoglycemic activity of
ganoderan B: a glycan of Ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies. Planta Med
1989;55:423-8.
Kim DH, Shim SB, Kim NJ, et al. Beta-glucuronidase-inhibitory activity and
hepatoprotective effect of Ganoderma lucidum. Biol Pharm Bull 1999;22:162-4.
Kim HS, Kacew S, Lee BM. In vitro chemopreventive effects of plant
polysaccharides (Aloe barbadensis miller, Lentinus edodes, Ganoderma lucidum
and Coriolus versicolor). Carcinogenesis 1999;20:1637-40.
Kim RS, Kim HW, Kim BK. Suppressive effects of Ganoderma lucidum on
proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mol Cells 1997;7:52-7.
Komoda Y, Shimizu M, Sonoda Y, et al. Ganoderic acid and its derivatives as
cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1989;37:531-3.
Kwok Y, Ng KFJ, Li, CCF, et al. A prospective, randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled study of the platelet and global hemostatic effects of
Ganoderma lucidum (Ling-Zhi) in healthy volunteers. Anesth Analg
2005;101:423-6.
Lee SY, Rhee HM. Cardiovascular effects of mycelium extract of Ganoderma
lucidum: inhibition of sympathetic outflow as a mechanism of its hypotensive
action. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1990;38:1359-64.
Min BS, Nakamura N, Miyashiro
H, et al. Triterpenes from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum and their inhibitory
activity against HIV-1 protease. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1998;46:1607-12.
Singh AB, Gupta SK, Pereira BM, et al. Sensitization to Ganoderma lucidum in
patients with respiratory allergy in India. Clin Exp Allergy 1995;25:440-7.
Sun J, He H, Xie BJ. Novel antioxidant peptides from fermented mushroom
Ganoderma lucidum. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:6646-52.
Tao J, Feng KY. Experimental and clinical studies on inhibitory effect of
ganoderma lucidum on platelet aggregation. J Tongji Med Univ 1990;10:240-3.
van der Hem LG, van der Vliet JA, Bocken CF, et al. Ling Zhi-8: studies of a
new immunomodulating agent. Transplantation 1995;60:438-43.
Wang SY, Hsu ML, Hsu HC, et al. The anti-tumor effect of Ganoderma lucidum is
mediated by cytokines released from activated macrophages and T lymphocytes.
Int J Cancer 1997;70:699-705.
Wasser SP, Weis AL. Therapeutic effects of substances occurring in higher
Basidiomycetes mushrooms: a modern perspective. Crit Rev Immunol 1999;19:65-96.
Yoon SY, Eo SK, Kim YS, et al. Antimicrobial activity of Ganoderma lucidum
extract alone and in combination with some antibiotics. Arch Pharm Res
1994;17:438-42.
Yuen JW, Gohel MD. Anticancer effects of Ganoderma lucidum: a review of
scientific evidence. Nutr Cancer 2005;53:11-7
Other
sources you can refer to:
8 Weeks To Optimum Health By
Andrew Weil MD, p. 15
Viral Immunity by J.E, p. 292
Miracle Medicine Herbs by
Richard M. Lucas, p. 9
Off The Shelf Natural Health
How To Use Herbs And Nutrients To Stay Well By Mark Mayell, p. 88
Prescription For Dietary Wellness
by Phyllis A. Balch, p. 167
The Herbal Drugstore by Linda
B. White MD, p. 327
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